MOT checklist: how to pass an MOT test

If your car is more than three years old, an annual MOT check is a legal requirement to ensure it’s roadworthy in Great Britain (it’s four years in Northern Ireland).

You can see when your car’s MOT check is due by visiting the government’s MOT check website.

In Great Britain, the maximum fee that a garage is allowed to charge for an MOT is £54.85, but you’ll often see them advertised for around £35-£45 to attract and retain business. All car MOTs in Northern Ireland cost £38.

An MOT may seem like just another expense, but it can help identify potential problems that could affect the safety of your car further down the line. Not having a valid MOT makes your car illegal to drive (unless you’re on the way to a pre-booked test) and it usually invalidates your insurance.

Approximately 30% of cars submitted for MOT testing in Great Britain fail, according to government statistics. To help make sure your car isn't one of them, keep reading to find out how to maximise the chances of your car passing the first time. We reveal the quick checks you can do to make sure you're not caught out by a minor fault.

Looking for a car that won't let you down? Our survey of car owners reveals the most reliable cars

MOT fault categories

Any defects that the MOT tester finds are categorised as either ‘minor’, 'major' or 'dangerous'. If your car is found to have a ‘major’ or 'dangerous' fault, it will fail its MOT. If your car has a dangerous fault, you'll be required to fix it before you can drive it any further.

There are also stricter emissions rules for diesel cars with diesel particulate filters (DPFs) installed. DPFs capture and store exhaust soot to reduce emissions from diesel cars. Your car will get a major fault (and it will fail the MOT) if the MOT tester can see any smoke coming from the exhaust or find evidence of tampering with the DPF.

MOT checklist: car exterior

Tyres and wheels

Car tyres must be the right type and size. If you've fitted a space-saver spare tyre onto one of your wheels, replace it with a standard wheel and tyre before the test.

Check that all tyres have a tread depth of at least 1.6mm right the way around and across the central three quarters of the pattern. A quick way to check is to insert a 20p coin into one of the tread grooves. If the outer edge of the coin is completely obscured, the tread depth is sufficient.

Also, look for significant lumps or cuts in the sidewall that could render it unfit for purpose. Tyres must not be obviously underinflated, either.

Spare tyres aren’t checked as part of the MOT test, but those stored externally will need to be fastened securely.

Follow our guide on changing car tyres to make sure you fit them securely and safely.

Lights

All of your lights (including headlamps, parking lights, reversing lights, indicators and registration plate bulbs) must be the correct colour and in good working order for your car to pass the MOT test. If your vehicle was first registered on or after 1 March 2018 and has daytime running lamps fitted from when it was new, then these will also be inspected as part of the test.

Clean your lights, then have someone test them while you walk around the car. If they flicker when lightly tapped with your hand, they likely need to be tightened into position or replaced. If a bulb has blown, it’s advisable to replace it before the MOT test.

Wipers and windscreen

The wipers and washers should work well enough to allow you a clear view of the road. Wipers that smear may be worn out, so replace them before the MOT and check the headlight washers if you have them.

Make sure you top up the washer bottle (some garages will charge for this) and use a pin to unblock the jets if necessary.

It’s also important to ensure the windscreen is in good condition before the test, particularly the area swept by the wipers. Remove any stickers that could obstruct your view and look for chips or cracks longer than 1cm (about the size of a 5p coin).

Registration plates

Ensure your registration plates are in good condition and securely fastened to the car. All the letters and numbers should be easy to read from 20 metres away. Bear in mind that the police may view the use of unusual fonts as an attempt to obstruct the law.

If you’re unsure of whether your number plate meets the legal requirements, visit the DVLA website before going for your MOT test.

Doors

All doors must open and close freely for your car to pass the test. Once shut, they should remain firmly closed. Front doors should be able to be opened from inside and outside the car.

Vehicle structure

Walk around your car and look at its general condition. The body should be free from excessive corrosion or damage, particularly anything that’s likely to affect the braking or steering.

There shouldn’t be any sharp edges exposed that could be a danger to other road users. If there are, your car could fail the test.

Looking to remove shallow scratches? Read our guide on the best car scratch removers

Under the bonnet

Park your car on a level surface (making sure the engine is cold), pop up the bonnet and make sure the brake fluid reservoir and oil are topped up. Sufficient levels of both oil and fuel are required for the garage to conduct an emissions test. Your car may be turned away if not properly topped up or if the brake fluid is contaminated.  

The test now also checks for fluid leaks that pose an environmental risk, including those from air conditioning systems.

MOT checklist: car interior

Warning lights

MOT testers look for whether certain dashboard warning lights are illuminated or inoperative. These include the power-steering indicator and brake-fluid warning lamps. Check that the lights all work and then go off when you turn the ignition.

Your car must also have a fully functional speedometer to pass the MOT.

Seats

Before the test, take a look at the front seats to make sure they’re securely anchored and are fixed in position. The front and rear seatbacks should be able to lock into the upright position

Seatbelts

Frayed or damaged seatbelts will result in an immediate fail. Before you head to the test centre, check that they work properly, are firmly fixed to the seats or the car's structure, and click into place securely and release correctly.

Horn

Give your horn a quick toot to make sure it's working – it should be audible and easily accessible from the driving position.

Mirrors

Check your mirrors. A car must have an internal rear-view mirror and at least one driver’s side mirror to pass the MOT. They should be positioned to be clearly visible from the driver’s seat.

Our most reliable cars checker shows you the models that are unreliable

Does my car need an MOT?

If your car is more than three years old, you are legally required to have an MOT test annually in Great Britain (it’s four years in Northern Ireland). Rule changes introduced from 20 May 2018 mean that cars, motorbikes, vans and other light passenger vehicles in Great Britain don't need an MOT test from the 40th anniversary of when they were first registered, provided they haven't been substantially changed.

My car’s MOT is overdue

You could be fined up to £1,000 for driving without a valid MOT or up to £2,500 if it's deemed to be in a dangerous condition (in addition to points on your licence). To help you remember to book your MOT annually, you can sign up to the government’s free reminder service.

Where should I get my car’s MOT done?

Any local registered MOT centre should be able to conduct a proper test, but the same rules apply as when finding a good garage: search for reviews, and ask friends and family where they get their cars tested. In Northern Ireland, all cars are tested at government-run centres.

You can find a trustworthy, local test centre by using Which? Trusted Traders. You can also use our search tool below.

What happens if my car fails the MOT test?

If your car has failed its MOT and needs work, in most cases, you’re allowed one free MOT retest as long as your car doesn’t leave the test centre. In that case, you have to ask the MOT garage to make the repair.

In Northern Ireland, you must rebook your test online, and your car must remain at the test centre while this is done.

In Great Britain, if your car is found to have a fault categorised as ‘dangerous’, you must get this fixed at the garage where you took the MOT test. You’re not allowed to drive the car away until it's fixed, even to a different garage, unless you tow it there. You can drive to a different garage for a ‘major’ fault, provided your existing MOT test certificate is still in date.

For a select few failure points, such as emissions or headlight aim, you can take your car elsewhere to be repaired. You'll still be entitled to a free partial MOT test, provided that you return to the original test centre before the end of the next working day. If you fail to return on time, you’ll be charged the full amount. Note that this doesn’t apply in Northern Ireland.

Does your car fail its MOT every year? It might be time to replace it. Our guide on where to buy a car shows how to go about replacing yours

I think my MOT test result is wrong – what should I do?

If you don’t trust the garage you’ve chosen, you can take your car to a different MOT test centre for a second test (unless your car has any faults that are classed as ‘dangerous’). But you’ll have to pay the full fee.

Alternatively, you can appeal the test result. To do this in Great Britain, you’ll need to fill in form VT17, which is available from any MOT test centre, and contact the Driver and Vehicle Standards Agency (DVSA, formerly called VOSA) within 14 working days of the test.

The DVSA will then arrange to check your car within five days. You’ll need to pay the full MOT test fee again, but it can be refunded if your appeal is successful.

In Northern Ireland, you can appeal at the test centre by asking a manager to look at the decision to fail your car. Alternatively, you can contact the Driver and Vehicle Agency (DVA), which will offer to re-check your car within five days.

Lost MOT certificate

If your MOT certificate is lost, damaged or stolen, you can get a new copy online for free. 

To do this, you'll need:

• Your vehicle's registration
• Your vehicle's 11-digit vehicle logbook (V5C) reference number. 

Then go to the government's MOT certificate replacement service for Great Britain or the DVA’s website in Northern Ireland.

Alternatively, you can get a copy of your MOT certificate from your testing station in Great Britain, but this will come at a cost of up to £10.

Do electric and hybrid cars need MOTs?

Electric and hybrid cars follow the same rules as petrol and diesel cars when it comes to MOTs, which means you'll need to get one annually as soon as your car turns three (four in Northern Ireland). The procedure will also be the same, so all of the above tips and tests will apply.

The only difference comes with electric cars – since they have zero emissions, the emissions test isn't needed.

Interested in a zero-emissions vehicle? Check our round-up of the best electric cars